Unit1 The Changing WorldTopic1【重点短语和句型】1. have a good summer holiday 暑假过得愉快2. come back from 从......回来3. have/has been to 去过4. have/has gone to 去了5. not...any more 再也不... 6. take photos 照相 7. by the way 顺便问一下8. take part in 到场9. around/all over/throughout the world 全世界10. tell sb. something about... 告诉某人关于某事11. have/live a happy/hard life 过着幸福/艰辛的生活12. describe...in detail 详细形貌13. give support to 支持...14. see...oneself 亲眼瞥见15. keep in touch with 与...保持联系16. far away 遥远的17. kinds/sorts of 种种各样的...18. not only...but also 不仅...而且...19. make progress 取得进步20. more than/over 多于21. develop/improve rapidly 迅速生长/改善22. tell sb. (not ) to do sth. 告诉某人（别）做某事23. ask sb. (not ) to do sth. 要求某人（别）做某事24. in order to do sth. 为了做某事25. have to do sth. 不得不做某事26. It's +形容词+for sb. to do sth. 对于某人来说做某事是...的27. why not do sth. 为什么不做某事28. succeed/be successful in doing sth. 乐成地做某事29. dream about doing sth. 梦想做某事30. see/hear sb. do/doing sth. 瞥见/听见某人做/正在做某事【重点语法】现在完成时 一. 现在完成时的基本结构肯定句：主语+have/has+动词的已往分词+其他否认句：主语+have/has+not+动词的已往分词+其他一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+动词的已往分词+其他特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句（have/has+主语+已往分词+其他）二. 现在完成时的用法1. 现在完成时用来表现已往已经完成的行动对现在造成影响或结果。也就是说，行动或状态发生在已往但它的影响现在还存在，强调的是现在。

I have already posted the photo.我已经邮寄出了照片。与此种用法连用的时间状语时一些模糊的已往时间状语，如already（肯定句句中）, yet（否认句/疑问句句尾）, just, before, recently,still, lately,never等。2. 现在完成时也可用来表现行动或状态发生在已往某一时刻，连续到现在而且有可能会继续连续下去。

He has lived here since 1978.自从1978年以来，他一直住在这儿。(行动起始于1978年，一直住到现在，可能还要继续住下去。

)此种用法常与for（+时间段）,since（+时间点或已往时的句子）连用。谓语动词必须是延续性动词。

有些瞬间动词可变为延续动词：go out----be out 　　finish----be over 　　open----be open 　　die----be dead 　　buy---have 　　fall ill---be ill 　　come back----be back 　　catch a cold----have a coldTopic2 【重点短语和句型】1. get lost 迷路2. a couple of 一些，几个3. with the development of 随着...的生长4. with the help of... 在...的资助下5. one of the+形容词最高级+名词复数 其中之一/最...的其中之一6. each other 相互7. call/ring sb.up 给某人打电话8. at least 至少9. sth. happen to sb. 某人发生某事10. What happened to sb? 某人发生某事?11. take place 发生12. because of 因为，由于13. be strict with sb./in sth. 对某人/某事严格要求14. carry out 执行15. thousands/millions/hundreds of 成千上万/无数的/成百上千...16. two thousand/million/hundred 两千/百万/百(详细数字后面不加s)17. half of... 一半...18. two thirds 三分之二19. be short of 短缺...20. so far 到现在为止21. be known/famous for 因...而闻名22. be known/famous as 作为...而闻名23. thanks to 幸亏...24. have a long way to go 有很长的路要走25. a town called... 一个叫做...的镇26. fewer than/less than 少于27. places of interest 胜景奇迹28. be interested in 对...感兴趣29. such as 例如...30. look/smell/sound/feel/taste+形容词 看/闻/听/摸/尝起来...31. such a/an+形容词+sb./sth 如此...的人/物32. take sb. to sp 带某人去某地33. keep up with 遇上34. have fun doing sth. 做某事很愉快35. have a population of... 有...的人口36. What's the population of...? ...有几多人口？37. want to do sth. 想要做某事38. hate to do sth 讨厌做某事39. take measures to do sth. 接纳措施做某事40. have(no)chance/time to do sth. 有时机/时间做某事41. used to do sth. 已往经常做某事42. be used to do sth. 被用来做某事43. be/get used to doing sth. 习惯做某事44. work well in doing sth. 在...方面起到显著作用【重点语法】常用于现在完成时的时间状语：already, just , yet, ever, never, recently.e.g. 1. I have just called you.2. ——Have you ever been to France?——No, I’ve never been to any European countries.3. ——Have you seen him yet? ——Yes, I have seen him already.Topic3 【重点短语】1. with the money 用这些钱2. so that 为了，以致于3. so...that... 如此...以致于...4. in fact/as a matter of fact 事实上5. come for a visit 来观光6. in need 在难题时7. decide on sth. 决议某事8. provide sth. for sb./provide sb. with sth. 为某人提供某物9. feel good about... 对...有信心10 lend sth. to sb/lend sb. sth. 把某物借给某人11. borrow sth. from sb. 向某人借某物12. at the same time 与此同时13. talk on the phone 在电话中攀谈14. take drugs 吸毒15. pay for 付款16. buy sth. for sb. 给某人买某物17. at home and abroad 在海内外18. send sb. to sp. 送某人去某地19. send for sb. 派人去请某人20. aim to do sth. 目的是做某事21. decide(not)to do sth. 决议（不）做某事22. finish doing 竣事做某事23. How do you like.../What do you think of...? 你以为...怎么样？24. sb.spend st.in doing sth=It takes sb.st. to do sth. 某人花费...时间做某事25. sb.spend some money on sth.=sb.pay some money for sth. 某人花费...钱买某物26. so+be/助动词/情态动词+主语 表现后者情况与前者一样（表肯定）neither/nor+be/助动词/情态动词+主语 表现后者情况与前者一样（表否认）27. so +主语+/be/助动词/情态动词 表现简直如此【重点语法】1. 现在完成时：常与for或since引导的时间状语连用,表现从已往某一时刻延续到现在。e.g. You have been in New York for a long time.The city has improved a lot since I came here a few years ago.2. 构词法:合成词: home +work= homework派生词: use——useful, happy——unhappyUnit2 Saving the EarthTopic1 【重点短语】1. chemical factory 化工厂2. pour… into… 把……排放到……3. in a bad mood 处在欠好的情绪中4. manage to do sth. 设法去做某事5. do harm to … / be harmful to… 对……有害6. quite a few 相当多7. no better than 同…….一样差8. in pubic 公然地9. all sorts of 种种各样的10.in many ways 在许多方面【重点句型】1. Look, there are several chemical factories pouring waste water into the streams.看，有几家化工厂正往河里排放废水。2. Everything has changed.一切已发生了变化。3. How long have you been like this? 你像这样多长时间了?4. I’m always in a bad mood because I can’t stand the environment here.我的情绪总是很差因为我受不了这里的情况。

5. However, not all people know that noise is also a kind of pollution and is harmful to humans’health.然而，并非所有的人都知道噪音也是一种污染，而且有害于人类康健。【重点语法】直接引语和间接引语1. Granny said, “I’m feeling even worse.”Granny said that she was feeling even worse.2. “ Do you still want to live here, Granny?” the journalist asked.The journalist asked Granny if she still wanted to live there.3. “ How is the environment around this place?” the journalist asked.The journalist asked how the environment around that place was.Topic2 【重点短语】1. as a result 效果2. here and there 随处3. in the beginning 一开始4. in danger 处于危险中5. cut down 砍倒6. change sth. into sth. 把……酿成……7. prevent from 防止8. greenhouse effect 温室效应9. refer to 提到10. deal with 处置惩罚12. cut off 中断【重点句型】1. As we know, none of us likes pollution. 众所周知，没有人喜欢污染。

2. Humans have come to realize the important of protecting animals. 人类逐渐意识到掩护动物的重要性。3. Trees can also stop the wind blowing the earth away. 树木也能防风固土。

4. Cutting down trees is harmful to human beings, animals and plants. 砍伐树木对人类、动植物都有害。5. Some things we’ve done are very good for earth while some are not good. 我们所做的，有些对地球很好，而有些倒霉。6. They can also prevent the water from washing the earth away.它们也能阻止水土流失。7. When it rains or when the wind blows, the earth is taken away. 天一下雨或起风，土就会被冲走或刮走。

【重点语法】不定代词1. 界说: 指的是那些不指明取代任何特命名词或形容词的代词。2. 用法: 在句中可作主语、宾语、表语、定语等。

something , somebody, anything, anybody等作主语时，通常视为单数。当形容词修饰它们时，要放在其后。e.g. But the government has done something useful to protect the environment.Topic3 【重点短语】1. not only…but also… 不仅……而且……2. be supposed to 应该3. ought to 应该4. turn off 关掉5. instead of 取代6. on time 准时7. make sure 确保8. push forward向前推9. push down 向下10. pull up 向上拉【重点句型】1. For example, we should use both sides of paper and reuse plastic bags.例如，我们应该用纸的两面，而且重新使用塑料袋。

2. Everyone is supposed to do that.每小我私家都有义务那样做。3. First, you ought to turn off the lights when you leave a room.首先，你脱离房间时应该随手关灯。4. Easier said than done. 说起来容易做起来难。

5. Well, actions speak louder than words. 嗯，百说不如一做。6. There will be a lot of hard work to do tomorrow, so make sure you go to bed early tonight.明天有许多繁重的活要干，今晚一定要早睡。【重点语法】并列句：由两个或两个以上并列而又相互独立的简朴句组成。结构为：简朴句+并列连词+简朴句常用的并列连词有：and, or, but, while, not only… but also...e.g. 1. The river is dirty and the temperature of the earth is rising.2. They work well, but they are slow and can’t run for long. Unit3 English Around the World Topic1 【重点词语】1. be able to=can 能够,会2. can’t wait to do sth. 迫不急待地做某事3. have a (good) chance to do sth. 有(好)时机做某事4. practice doing sth. 训练做某事5. be made by… 被……制做be made of/from… 由……制成be made in… 在某地制造6. on business 出差7. be similar to… 和……相似8. translate…into… 把……翻译成……9. have no/some trouble (in) doing sth. 做某事没有/有些难题10. once in a while=sometimes/at times 偶然,间或11. whenever=no matter when 无论何时12. as well as 以及13. mother tongue 母语14. take the leading position 处于领先职位15. encourage sb. to do sth. 勉励某人做某事16. call for 招呼【重点句型】1. Disneyland is enjoyed by millions of people from all over the world. 世界上数以百万的人们都喜欢迪斯尼乐园。

2. I hope I can go there one day. 希望有一天我能去那儿。3. English is widely spoken around the world. 英语在世界上被广泛使用。

4. It is also spoken as a second language in many countries. 在许多国家它也被用作第二语言。5. It is possible that you will have some trouble. 你可能会遇到一些贫苦。6. It’s used as the first language by most people in America,Canada,Australia ,Great Britain andNew Zealand. 它被美国、加拿大、澳大利亚、英国和新西兰的大多数人用作第一语言。

7. And two thirds of the world’s scientists read English. 而且世界上三分之二的科学家用英语阅读。【重点语法】一般现在时的被动语态英语语态有主动语态和被动语态两种。

主语是行动的执行者，叫主动语态。如：We clean the classroom. 我们扫除课堂。

主语是行动的蒙受者，叫被动语态。如：The classroom is cleaned (by us).课堂被（我们）扫除。1. 被动语态的组成：助动词be+及物动词的已往分词+（by+宾语）其中by意为“被……；由……”，表行动的执行者。

如：The glass is broken by that boy.玻璃杯是谁人男孩打破的。be有人称、数和时态的变化，其肯定式、否认式、疑问式的变化规则与be作为连系动词时完全一样。如：English is widely spoken around the world. （肯定式）English is not widely spoken around the world. （否认式）---Is English widely spoken around the world? （疑问式）---Yes, it is./No, it isn’t.2. 被动语态的用法：（1）在没有指明行动的执行者或者不知道行动执行者的情况下可用被动语态。

如：This coat is made of cotton.这件大衣是棉制的。（2）要强调行动的蒙受者而不是执行者时，用被动语态。如：Her bike is stolen.她的自行车被偷了。

3． 主、被动语态的转换：主动语态：主语+及物动词谓语动词+宾语（+其它）被动语态：主语+be+及物动词的已往分词+by+宾语（+其它）注意：（1）主动、被动互转时，时态稳定。（2）主动句的主语是代词的主格形式，酿成被动态by的宾语时，要用宾格形式。如：(1) People grow rice in the south. Rice is grown (by people) in the south.(2) She takes care of the baby. The baby is taken care of (by her).Topic2 【重点词语】1. by the way 顺便说一下 2. depend on 取决于……；依靠……3. be different from 与……差别 4. succeed in 乐成，告竣5. make yourself understood 表达你自己的意思6. on one’s way to 在某人去……的路上7. see sb. off 给……送行8. leave for…前往某地/leave…for… 脱离…去…9. in twenty minutes 二十分钟之后10. written English 笔头英语/oral English 英语口语11. generally speaking 一般说来，大致上说12. as for sb./sth. 至于某人/某物13. be close to… 靠近…… 14. in person 身体上，外貌上；亲自15. be found of… 喜好……16. be forced to do sth. 被迫做……force sb.to do 强迫某人做某事17. even worse 更糟的是【重点句型】1. Is Australia English the same as British English? 澳式英语和英式英语一样吗?2. English is spoken differently in different English-speaking countries. 差别的国家使用差别的英语。

3. For example, there are differences between British English and American English. 例如，在英式英语和美式英语之间有些差别点。4. I can’t believe that I’m flying to Disneyland. 我简直不敢相信我就要飞往迪斯尼乐园了。5. I hope I won’t have any difficulty. 我希望不会遇到什么难题。

6. Whenever you need help, send me an-mail or telephone me.无论何时你需要帮助，给我发电子邮件或打电话。7. Not only children but also adults enjoy spending their holidays in Disneyland. 不光青少年而且成年人也喜欢到迪斯尼乐园度假。【重点语法】用现在举行时表现未来现在举行时表现未来时，常有“意图”、“摆设”（但不是牢固稳定的）或“计划”寄义。

它表现最近或较近的未来，所用的动词多是位移动词。如：come, go, arrive, leave, fly, start, begin, return, open, dieI’m going. 我要走了。

When are you starting? 你什么时候动身？Don’t worry. The train is arriving here soon. 别着急，火车马上就到了。表现未来的现在举行时除了用于位移动词外，亦可用于某些非位移动词。

如：My uncle is meeting us tomorrow. 我叔叔明天会见我们。She is buying a new bike soon. 她不久将买一辆新自行车。Topic3 【重点短语】1. in public在 公开场合 2. at times=sometimes 有时3. feel like doing=would like to do 想要做……4. give up sth./doing sth. 放弃 5. turn to sb. for help 求助于某人6. give sb. some advice on/about… 给某人一些有关……的建议7. be weak in 在……方面很差/be good at 在……方面很好8. be afraid of doing sth. 畏惧做某事 9. make mistakes 犯错误10. take a deep breath 深呼吸 11. the best time to do 做某事最好的时间12. do some listening practice 做些听力训练 13. reply to=answer 回覆14. advise sb. to do 建议某人做某事（名词advice）【重点句型】1. Could you make yourself understood in the U.S.A? 在美国，别人能明白你的话吗？2. I don’t know what to do. 我不知道该怎么办？3. At times I feel like giving up. 有时我想要放弃。

4. Try to guess the meanings of the new words, and get the main idea of the article. 只管推测生词的意思，明白文章的大意。5. I dare not answer questions in class, because I’m afraid of making mistakes. 我不敢在课堂上回覆问题，困为我畏惧犯错误。

6. It’s an honor to talk with all of you. 与在座的列位攀谈是我的荣幸。7. But remember to choose the ones that fit you best. 可是记着要选择最适合你的一种。

8. I insist that you practice English every day. 我坚持认为你们天天都应该训练英语。9. Believing in yourself is the first step on the road to success. 自信是通往乐成的第一步。

【重点语法】wh- +to do wh-是指when, where, which, who(m)及how等毗连词，它们和动词不定式连用，即为wh- +to do结构。这种结构在句中常作主语、表语和宾语，作宾语时可以转换为宾语从句。

(对于谓语动词来说，wh- +to do这个不定式动词的行动是个尚未发生的行动，所以在转换成宾语从句时，通常须加情态动词或用未来时表现未来。)如：I don’t know what to do.=I don’t know what I should do. She can’t decide which to buy.=she can’t decide which she will buy.反之，如果主句中的主语与宾语从句中的主语一致时，宾语从句（由疑问词引导）通常可以与“疑问词+不定式”相互转换。

如：I don’t know what I should do.=I don’t know what to do.如果纷歧致就不能转换。I want to know what Mary will do.(不能说:I want to know what to do.)Unit4 Amazing ScienceTopic1【重点短语】1. go around 围绕2. send…into… =send up…into… 把……送入......3. congratulations on sth 祝贺某事4. be proud of 为……而自豪 5. be moved by 为……而感动6. Thanks/Thank you for +n./ving sth 谢谢某人做的某事7. have physical examinations 做体检 8. in good/bad health 处于好（欠好）的身体状态9. can’t help doing 情不自禁做……10. take turn to (do sth) 轮流（做某事）11. no doubt 疑地12. as well as 除……的之外，也13. for instance/example 例如14. work on 做……（方面）的事情15. depend on/upon 依靠，依赖16. turn on 打开17. turn off 关掉18. turn up 开大19. turn down 关小20. click on 用鼠标点击21. look forward to doing sth 期待做某事【重点句型】1. Now big plans are being made to send up more satellites and even build a space station.现在中国正在计划发射更多的卫星，甚至制作一个空间站。2. I’m moved by what Yang Liwei did. 我被杨利伟所做的事感动了。

3. Generally speaking, we are in good health now. 一般来说，我们现在的康健状况良好。4. We couldn’t help looking at the earth again and again. 我们忍不住再三地看着地球。

5. I was able to fall asleep as soon as I got into the sleeping bag.We took turns to have a rest. 一进入睡袋我就睡着了。我们轮流休息。6. It has proved that China has made great progress in developing its space industry. 这证明晰中国航天业的生长已取得了庞大的进步。

7.There is no doubt that computers are widely used by workers in business and technology.毫无疑问，电脑被商业,科技事情者广泛地应用.8. Computers have made the world smaller, like a “village”. 电脑使得世界变小了，就像一个“乡村”。【重点语法】宾语补足语宾语补足语用来增补说明宾语，与宾语一起组成复合宾语。可作宾语补足语的有名词、形容词、副词、介词和动词不定式等。（一）名词、形容词、副词、介词短语作宾语补足语。

如：1. We call him Jim.（名词） 我们叫他吉姆。2. We must keep our school clean every day.（形容词） 我们必须天天保持校园清洁。3. Call him in, please.（副词） 请叫他进来。4. Leave it on the desk.（介词短语） 把它留在课桌上。

（二）动词不定式作宾语补足语可分为三种情况1. 跟带to的不定式作宾语补足语。常见的这类动词有：ask, tell, get, teach, want, invite, like, allow, wish, encourage等。如：Tell Jane to sing us a song.叫简给我们唱支歌。

2. 跟不带to的不定式作宾语补足语。常见的这类动词有“一感（feel）、二听（listen to, hear）,三让（make, let, have）,四看（look at, see, watch, notice）如：Let’s have a rest.让我们休息一会儿。但这种结构酿成被动语态时，to必须加上。如：He was seen to leave the room with a book in his hand.有人见他手拿着一本书脱离这个房间。

3. 跟带to或不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。这类动词只有help。如：Can you help me (to) wash my clothes ? 你能帮我洗衣服吗？（三）分词作宾语补足语可分为两种情况1. 现在分词作宾语补足语，经常表现正在发生的行动。

可跟这类补足语的动词有：see, watch, hear等。如：I hear somebody singing in the next room. 我听见有人在隔邻唱歌。2. 已往介词作宾语补足语，经常表现被动。

如：You need to have your hair cut. 你需要剃头了。Topic2 【重点短语】1. be used for +ving 被用做……2. come true 实现3. It’s said that 听说4. during/in one’s life 某人一生5. be known as 以……（身份）而著名6. know/say for certain 确切知道/肯定地说7. all the time 一直，总是8. no longer=not…any longer 不再=(no more, not…any more)9. as long as 只要10. as far as 就……，尽……11. make a great contribution 对…...作出庞大孝敬12. the rest of the time 在其余地时间里13. at any time 在任何时候【重点句型】1. Because I’m not allowed to play computer games. 因为我不行以玩电脑游戏。2. How do you say this in English? 这用英语怎么说？3. It’s made from wood. 它用木料做的。4. It’s used for helping us to improve our English. 它用来资助我们提高英语水平。

5. People are surprised at the rapid development of robots. 人们为机械人的飞速生长感应惊讶。6. They will no longer want to be our servants, but our masters.它们将不再愿意做我们的人，而要做我们的主人。

7. This method worked well at night as long as the weather was good and the stars could be seen. 在夜间只要天气晴朗，能瞥见星星，这种方法就能很好地发挥作用。【重点语法】一. 一般已往时的被动语态谓语部门的基本形式是be的已往式was/were+及物动词的已往分词。

如：When was it made? 它是什么时候制造的？It was made in 1980.它是1980年制造的。When was the digital camera invented? 数码像机是什么时候发现的？It was invented in 1975. 它是1975年发现的。二. 时间前所用介词的速记歌年月周前要用in，日子前面却不行。

遇到几号要用on，上午下午又是in。要说某日上下午，用on换in才气行。午夜黄昏须用at，黎明用它也不错。

at也用在时分前，说“差”可要用上to。说“过”只可使用past，多说多练牢牢记，莫让岁月成蹉跎。Topic3 【重点短语】1. travel by spaceship 乘宇宙飞船旅行2. in the future 在未来 3. in order to 为了4. on the radio 通过收音机5. take part in 到场6. grow up 发展，长大7. prefer…to 喜欢……胜过……8. What’s worse 更为糟糕的是9. be worth it 有利益，值得一干10. at a distance of 相隔 11. send sb a message 给某人发送信息【重点句型】1. I don’t think aliens can be found in space. 我认为外星人不行能泛起在太空里。

2. It has been two days since we landed on Mars. 自从我们登上火星以来已经两天了。3. What’s worse, our water supplies were very low. 更糟糕的是，我们的水供应是很是有限的。

4. It’s a quarter as big as the earth. 它是地球的四分之一大。5. Mars goes around the sun at a distance of about 228 million kilometers. 恒星在相隔约莫228000000千米的地方绕着太阳转动。【重点语法】情态动词的被动语态情态动词的被动语态由“情态动词+be+及物动词的已往分词”组成。

如：Aliens can not be seen on the earth. 在地球上不行能见到外星人。Other planets may be visited soon in the future. 未来其他的星球也会有人登陆。Scientific research should be done carefully. 应该认真地举行科学研究。

These trees must be watered in time. 这些树应该实时浇水。

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